win32窗口程序基本框架

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普通版:

收集一些常用框架…

Windows 窗体应用程序是在用户计算机上运行的客户端应用程序，可显示信息、请求用户输入以及通过网络与远程计算机进行通信。在可以使用时，可能需要研究 .NET Framework 和它所提供的类。

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#include <Windows.h>
#include <tchar.h>

HWND hButton1, hButton2, hButton3, hButton4, hText1;
HINSTANCE g_hInstance;

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(
	HWND hWnd,
	UINT uMessage,
	WPARAM wParam,
	LPARAM lParam
);

int WINAPI _tWinMain(
	HINSTANCE hInstance,   //实例句柄
	HINSTANCE hPreInstance,//没有用了
	LPTSTR szCmd,          //命令行参数，和WinMain要对应
	int nShow              //命令行参数
) {
	g_hInstance = hInstance;

	//1 设计窗口类
	WNDCLASS wc;
	wc.style = CS_VREDRAW | CS_HREDRAW; //类风格
	wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;			//回调函数的地址（重要）
	wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
	wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
	wc.hInstance = hInstance;			//实例句柄，代表此程序
	wc.hIcon = 0;
	wc.hCursor = 0;
	wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
	wc.lpszMenuName = 0;
	wc.lpszClassName = L"WNDCLASS";

	//2 注册窗口类
	RegisterClass(&wc);

	//3 创建窗口
	HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(
		L"WNDCLASS",        //类名
		L"窗口",		    //窗口名
		WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,//重叠窗口风格
		100, 100, 430, 350, //位置和大小
		NULL,               //父窗口句柄
		NULL,               //菜单句柄
		hInstance,          //实例句柄
		NULL                //附加信息
	);

	//4 更新显示窗口
	ShowWindow(hWnd, SW_SHOW);
	UpdateWindow(hWnd);

	//5  实现消息循环
	MSG msg = {};
	while (GetMessage(&msg, 0, 0, 0))
	{
		TranslateMessage(&msg);
		DispatchMessage(&msg);
	}
	return 0;
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(
	HWND hWnd,
	UINT uMessage,
	WPARAM wParam,
	LPARAM lParam
) {
	switch (uMessage)
	{
	case WM_CREATE:
	{
		//WM_CREATE的lParam参数携带的是创建窗口时的信息。
		LPCREATESTRUCT pcs = (LPCREATESTRUCT)lParam;
		hButton1 = CreateWindow(
			_T("button"),	//创建按钮
			_T("获取内容"),	//窗口名
			BS_PUSHBUTTON | WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE,	//创建一个按钮
													// | 子窗口
													// | 窗口可见
			100, 100, 80, 30,
			hWnd,
			(HMENU)0x1001,	//控件ID
			pcs->hInstance,	//实例句柄
			0
		);
		hButton2 = CreateWindow(
			_T("button"),
			_T("修改内容"),
			BS_PUSHBUTTON | WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE,
			190, 100, 80, 30,
			hWnd,
			(HMENU)0x1002,
			pcs->hInstance,
			0
		);
		hButton3 = CreateWindow(
			_T("button"),
			_T("移动"),
			BS_PUSHBUTTON | WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE,
			100, 180, 80, 30,
			hWnd,
			(HMENU)0x1003,
			pcs->hInstance,
			0
		);
		hButton4 = CreateWindow(
			_T("button"),
			_T("隐藏"),
			BS_PUSHBUTTON | WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE,
			190, 180, 80, 30,
			hWnd,
			(HMENU)0x1004,
			pcs->hInstance,
			0
		);
		hText1 = CreateWindow(
			_T("edit"),		//文本框
			_T(""),
			WS_BORDER | WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE,//环绕
			100, 140, 160, 30,
			hWnd,
			(HMENU)0x2001,
			pcs->hInstance,
			0
		);
	}
	break;
	case WM_COMMAND:
	{
		int nCode = HIWORD(wParam);
		int nId = LOWORD(wParam);
		switch (nId)
		{
		case 0x1001:
			if (nCode == BN_CLICKED)
			{
				TCHAR buf[100] = {};
				GetWindowText(hText1, buf, 100);
				SetWindowText(hText1, buf);
				MessageBox(0, buf, L"文本框", 0);
			}
			break;
		case 0x1002:
		{
			if (nCode == BN_CLICKED)
			{
				TCHAR buf[100] = {};
				int nNum = 0;
				GetWindowText(hText1, buf, 100);
				_stscanf_s(buf, _T("%d"), &nNum);
				nNum++;
				_stprintf_s(buf, _T("%d"), nNum);
				SetWindowText(hText1, buf);
			}
		}
		break;
		case 0x1003:
		{
			static int n1 = 0;
			if (n1 == 0) {
				MoveWindow(hButton3, 100, 220, 80, 30, TRUE);
				n1 = 1;
			}
			else if (n1 == 1) {
				MoveWindow(hButton3, 100, 180, 80, 30, TRUE);
				n1 = 0;
			}
		}
		break;
		case 0x1004:
		{
			static int n2 = 0;

			if (n2 == 0)
			{
				ShowWindow(hText1, SW_HIDE);
				n2 = 1;
			}
			else
			{
				ShowWindow(hText1, SW_SHOW);
				n2 = 0;
			}
		}
		break;
		default:
			break;
		}
	}
	break;
	case WM_CLOSE:
		//窗口关闭消息
		PostQuitMessage(0);
		break;
	case WM_DESTROY:
		//窗口销毁消息
		break;
	default:
		break;
	}
	return DefWindowProc(hWnd, uMessage, wParam, lParam);
}

资源版:

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#include <Windows.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include "resource.h"

HWND hButton1, hButton2, hButton3, hButton4, hText1;
HINSTANCE g_hInstance;

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(
	HWND hWnd,
	UINT uMessage,
	WPARAM wParam,
	LPARAM lParam
);

int WINAPI _tWinMain(
	HINSTANCE hInstance,   //实例句柄
	HINSTANCE hPreInstance,//没有用了
	LPTSTR szCmd,          //命令行参数，和WinMain要对应
	int nShow              //命令行参数
) {
	g_hInstance = hInstance;

	//1 设计窗口类
	WNDCLASS wc;
	wc.style = CS_VREDRAW | CS_HREDRAW; //类风格
	wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;			//回调函数的地址（重要）
	wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
	wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
	wc.hInstance = hInstance;			//实例句柄，代表此程序
	wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_ICON1));
	wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_CURSOR1));
	wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
	wc.lpszMenuName = MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDR_MENU1);
	wc.lpszClassName = L"WNDCLASS";

	//2 注册窗口类
	RegisterClass(&wc);

	//3 创建窗口
	HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(
		L"WNDCLASS",        //类名
		L"窗口",		    //窗口名
		WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,//重叠窗口风格
		100, 100, 430, 350, //位置和大小
		NULL,               //父窗口句柄
		NULL,               //菜单句柄
		hInstance,          //实例句柄
		NULL                //附加信息
	);

	//4 更新显示窗口
	ShowWindow(hWnd, SW_SHOW);
	UpdateWindow(hWnd);

	//5  实现消息循环
	MSG msg = {};
	while (GetMessage(&msg, 0, 0, 0))
	{
		TranslateMessage(&msg);
		DispatchMessage(&msg);
	}
	return 0;
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(
	HWND hWnd,
	UINT uMessage,
	WPARAM wParam,
	LPARAM lParam
) {
	switch (uMessage)
	{
	case WM_CREATE:
	{
		//WM_CREATE的lParam参数携带的是创建窗口时的信息。
		LPCREATESTRUCT pcs = (LPCREATESTRUCT)lParam;
		hButton1 = CreateWindow(
			_T("button"),	//创建按钮
			_T("获取内容"),	//窗口名
			BS_PUSHBUTTON | WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE,	//创建一个按钮
													// | 子窗口
													// | 窗口可见
			100, 100, 80, 30,
			hWnd,
			(HMENU)0x1001,	//控件ID
			pcs->hInstance,	//实例句柄
			0
		);
		hButton2 = CreateWindow(
			_T("button"),
			_T("修改内容"),
			BS_PUSHBUTTON | WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE,
			190, 100, 80, 30,
			hWnd,
			(HMENU)0x1002,
			pcs->hInstance,
			0
		);
		hButton3 = CreateWindow(
			_T("button"),
			_T("移动"),
			BS_PUSHBUTTON | WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE,
			100, 180, 80, 30,
			hWnd,
			(HMENU)0x1003,
			pcs->hInstance,
			0
		);
		hButton4 = CreateWindow(
			_T("button"),
			_T("隐藏"),
			BS_PUSHBUTTON | WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE,
			190, 180, 80, 30,
			hWnd,
			(HMENU)0x1004,
			pcs->hInstance,
			0
		);
		hText1 = CreateWindow(
			_T("edit"),		//文本框
			_T(""),
			WS_BORDER | WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE,//环绕
			100, 140, 160, 30,
			hWnd,
			(HMENU)0x2001,
			pcs->hInstance,
			0
		);
	}
	break;
	case WM_COMMAND:
	{
		int nCode = HIWORD(wParam);
		int nId = LOWORD(wParam);
		switch (nId)
		{
		case 0x1001:
			if (nCode == BN_CLICKED)
			{
				TCHAR buf[100] = {};
				GetWindowText(hText1, buf, 100);
				SetWindowText(hText1, buf);
				MessageBox(0, buf, L"文本框", 0);
			}
			break;
		case 0x1002:
		{
			if (nCode == BN_CLICKED)
			{
				TCHAR buf[100] = {};
				int nNum = 0;
				GetWindowText(hText1, buf, 100);
				_stscanf_s(buf, _T("%d"), &nNum);
				nNum++;
				_stprintf_s(buf, _T("%d"), nNum);
				SetWindowText(hText1, buf);
			}
		}
		break;
		case 0x1003:
		{
			static int n1 = 0;
			if (n1 == 0) {
				MoveWindow(hButton3, 100, 220, 80, 30, TRUE);
				n1 = 1;
			}
			else if (n1 == 1) {
				MoveWindow(hButton3, 100, 180, 80, 30, TRUE);
				n1 = 0;
			}
		}
		break;
		case 0x1004:
		{
			static int n2 = 0;

			if (n2 == 0)
			{
				ShowWindow(hText1, SW_HIDE);
				n2 = 1;
			}
			else
			{
				ShowWindow(hText1, SW_SHOW);
				n2 = 0;
			}
		}
		break;
		default:
			break;
		}
	}
	break;
	case WM_RBUTTONDOWN://鼠标右键单击
	{
		//这个坐标是相对于窗口的坐标
		int x = LOWORD(lParam);
		int y = HIWORD(lParam);
		//弹出的时候，使用是相对于屏幕的坐标
		//需要做一个转换
		POINT pt = { x,y };
		ClientToScreen(hWnd, &pt);

		//弹出菜单
		HMENU hMenu = LoadMenu(g_hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDR_MENU1));
		//获取下拉菜单的句柄
		HMENU hSubMenu0 = GetSubMenu(hMenu, 0);
		HMENU hSubMenu1 = GetSubMenu(hMenu, 1);
		TrackPopupMenu(
			hSubMenu1,        //要弹出的菜单的句柄 
			TPM_LEFTALIGN,	  //对齐方式等属性
			pt.x, pt.y,       //弹出的坐标
			0,				  //保留的参数 ，没有用
			hWnd,             //菜单的响应窗口是谁
			NULL
		);
	}break;
	case WM_CLOSE:
		//窗口关闭消息
		PostQuitMessage(0);
		break;
	case WM_DESTROY:
		//窗口销毁消息
		break;
	default:
		break;
	}
	return DefWindowProc(hWnd, uMessage, wParam, lParam);
}

对话框版:

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#include <Windows.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include "resource.h"

BOOL CALLBACK DlgProc(
	HWND hWnd,
	UINT uMessage,
	WPARAM wParam,
	LPARAM lParam
);

int WINAPI _tWinMain(
	HINSTANCE hInstance,   //实例句柄
	HINSTANCE hPreInstance,//没有用了
	LPTSTR szCmd,          //命令行参数，和WinMain要对应
	int nShow              //命令行参数
) {
	//模态
	DialogBox(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDD_DIALOG1), NULL, (DLGPROC)DlgProc);

	//非模态需要自己维护消息
	HWND hWnd = CreateDialog(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDD_DIALOG1), NULL, (DLGPROC)DlgProc);
	ShowWindow(hWnd, SW_SHOW);
	UpdateWindow(hWnd);
	MSG msg = { 0 };
	while (GetMessage(&msg, 0, 0, 0)) {
		TranslateMessage(&msg);
		DispatchMessage(&msg);
	}

	return 0;
}

BOOL CALLBACK DlgProc(
	HWND hWnd,
	UINT uMessage,
	WPARAM wParam,
	LPARAM lParam
) {
	switch (uMessage)
	{
	case WM_INITDIALOG:
		return true;
		break;
	case WM_CLOSE:
		EndDialog(hWnd, wParam);
		break;
	case WM_COMMAND:
	{
		switch (LOWORD(wParam))
		{
		default:
			break;
		}
	}
	break;
	default:
		break;
	}
	return 0;
}